Supplementary Files
How to Cite
Abstract
Objectives: To determine the level of Neurocognitive Functioning, and Interpersonal difficulties in People with Diabetes Mellitus type II.
Material and Method: A purposive sampling strategy was used. A sample (N=100) with age range (40-60) years was taken in the study, in which 46% Men or 54% Women Diabetes Mellitus type II patients were included. The research design was cross-sectional. Neuro-Cognitive Assessment Battery and Interpersonal Relationship Scale for Diabetic Patients were used.
Results: Pearson Correlation analysis results showed that there was a positive significant relationship between neurocognitive functioning and interpersonal difficulties. Hierarchal Regression analysis showed education level was a predictor of interpersonal difficulties in diabetic mellitus type II patients with poor neurocognitive functioning. Limitations and suggestions are discussed.
Keywords: Neurocognitive functioning, Interpersonal Difficulties, Diabetic Mellitus Type II
References
Abbatecola, A. M., Paolisso, G., Lamponi, M., Bandinelli, S., Lauretani, F., Launer, L., & Ferrucci, L. (2004). Insulin resistance and executive dysfunction in older persons. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 52(10), 1713-1718. doi: 10.1080/13803390903224928
Awad, N., Gagnon, M., & Messier, C. (2004). The relationship between impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes, and cognitive function. Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology, 26(8), 1044-1080. doi: 10.1080/13803390490514875
Anderson, R. M., Fitzgerald, J. T., & Oh, M. (1993). The relationship between diabetes-related attitudes and patients' self-reported adherence. The Diabetes Educator, 19(4), 287-292. doi: 10.1177/014572179301900407.
Biessels, G. J., Staekenborg, S., Brunner, E., Brayne, C., & Scheltens, P. (2006). Risk of dementia in diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. The Lancet Neurology, 5(1), 64-74. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(05)70284-2
Brandoni, C., & Anderson, O. R. (2009). A new neurocognitive model for assessing divergent thinking: Applicability, evidence of reliability, and implications for educational theory and practice. Creativity Research Journal,21(4).doi.org/10.1080/10400410903297352
Berscheid, E. (1999). The greening of relationship science. American psychologist, 54(4), 260. doi: 10.1037//0003-066x.54.4.260.
Cox, D. J., Kovatchev, B. P., Gonder-Frederick, L. A., Summers, K. H., Mccall, A., Grimm, K. J., & Clarke, W. L. (2005). Relationships between hyperglycemia and cognitive performance among adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care, 28(1), 71-77. doi: 10.2337/diacare.28.1.71
Irfan, S., & Rizvi, M. (2020). Relationship Between Embitterment and Interpersonal Relation Among Patients with Diabetes. idea, 11(1). doi: 10.7176/JEP/11-1-04
Genuth, S., Alberti, K. G. M. M., Bennett, P., Buse, J., DeFronzo, R., Kahn, R., ... & Zimmet, P. (2003). Follow-up report on the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes care, 26(11), 3160-3168. doi: 10.2337/dc11-S062
Hibbard, J. H., & Pope, C. R. (1983). Gender roles, illness orientation and use of medical services. Social Science & Medicine, 17(3), 129-137. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(83)90246-0
Hammond, G. S., & Aoki, T. T. (1992). Measurement of health status in diabetic patients: diabetes impact measurement scales. Diabetes Care, 15(4), 469-477. doi: 10.2337/diacare.15.4.469.
Keyvanara, M., Hosseini, S. M., & Emami, P. (2012). Social support and diabetes control: a study among patients admitted to specialized clinic of Dr. Gharazi Hospital in Isfahan. Medical Archives, 66(1), 24. doi: 10.5455/medarh.2012.66.24-27.
Mahmood, S. N., & Bashir, U. (2018). Development and validation of neuro-cognitive assessment battery for stroke patients (NCABS) in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 34(5), 1164. ./doi: 10.12669/pjms.345.15083
Mathers, C. D., & Loncar, D. PLoS Med. 3 (11), e442 (2006). doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030442.
Strom, J. L., & Egede, L. E. (2012). The impact of social support on outcomes in adult patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Current diabetes reports, 12, 769-781 doi: 10.1007/s11892-012-0317-0.
Sharpe, P. A., Clark, N. M., & Janz, N. K. (1991). Differences in the impact and management of heart disease between older women and men. Women & Health, 17(2), 25-43. doi: 10.1300/J013v17n02_02.
Verbrugge, L. M. (1985). Gender and health: an update on hypotheses and evidence. Journal of health and social behavior, Sep;26(3):156-82. PMID: 3905939.
Umberson, D., & Montez, J. K. (2010). Social relationships and health: A flashpoint for health policy. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51(1, Suppl), S54–S66/doi: 10.1177/0022146510383501
Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care. 2004 May;27(5):1047-53. doi: 10.2337/diacare.27.5.1047. PMID: 15111519
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2023 Nazish Rashid, Umaiza Bashir